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Suburban Station
Suburban Station has seven
tracks and 5 high island platforms. Tracks and platforms
are:
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Track 0, Island* ,Track,1, Island
,Track 2
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Track 3 ,Island, Track 4, Island*
,Track 5
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Track 6 ,Island, Track 7
* Track 1 could open up on the island
with track 0 or track 2 but track 1- 2 island platform
is customary. Track 4 could open up on the island with
track 5 but track 3-4 island platform is customary.
This station has been
renovated to its original appearance but with modern
amenities including air conditioning and full ADA.
By Harry Kyriakodis
Suburban Station is a
large underground rail station running between 15th and
18th Streets. The station was originally planned to have
twelve tracks, rather than eight, but interference with
the Chinese wall’s foundations to the south prevented it
from being built that wide. Also, Suburban Station was
designed so that its two northern-most tracks could be
extended eastward towards a proposed tunnel under the
Delaware River to connect to Pennsylvania Railroad lines
out of Camden, New Jersey. This was never done. An
intricate mezzanine level provides space for shops,
ticket offices, and services for Center City workers and
visitors, as well as many connections to the area's
extensive underground concourse system.
Suburban Station opened for traffic on September 28,
1930, the same day as 30th Street Station's commuter
station.
The 22-story office building above
the rail station is situated between 16th and 17th
Streets and Cuthbert Street and J.F.K. Boulevard
(formerly Pennsylvania Boulevard and Filbert Street).
Constructed of gray limestone with black marble ends
decorated in ornate bronze and gold-colored fixtures
with red marble inlays, it is one of the finest examples
anywhere of the 1920s and 1930s Art Deco architectural
style. The immense structure is also a standard of an
integrated office building and passenger terminal. The
PRR leased twenty floors of the edifice as convenient
downtown office space. There are beautiful murals inside
several entrances.
From conception and for many years
following, the complex was called "Broad Street Suburban
Station," mainly for continuity with Broad Street
Station. It was renamed "Suburban Station" in the early
1950s and then "Penn Center Suburban Station" in the
late 1960s. Now officially called "One Penn Center at
Suburban Station," the office building above has been
renovated to be both economically and operationally
divorced from the station below. The structure was
placed on the National Register of Historic Places on
May 9, 1985. SEPTA estimates that 100,000 people
pass through Suburban Station every day, on foot and on
almost 500 Regional Rail commuter trains.
There are plans for a $42 million renovation of the
station, with the enlargement of retail space and the
installation of air conditioning and elevators.
The subway serving Suburban Station
originally ended near 15th Street. The street level
above was made into a park to serve as a transition
between Penn Square and the Ben Franklin Parkway. The
Philadelphia Visitors Center was built in 1960 within
the park, above the east end of the station. (This
flying saucer-shaped structure is slated to close in a
few years.) Also, a multi-level parking garage is under
the square, northeast of Suburban Station. This garage
was constructed in 1967 when Philadelphia architect
Vincent Kling redesigned the entire park, which was then
renamed "John F. Kennedy Plaza" to honor the slain
president. (The city also changed the name of
Pennsylvania Boulevard to "John F. Kennedy Boulevard,"
after having extended the street to the front of 30th
Street Station by erecting a vehicular bridge over the
Schuylkill River.) J.F.K. Plaza is also known as "Love
Park" since Robert Indiana's famous LOVE statue
is located there. A major redesign of plaza has been
proposed, with the goal of transforming it into an urban
showplace friendly to both Center City workers and
tourists.
The completion of Suburban and
30th Street Stations should
have been the end of Broad Street Station and the
Chinese wall, but the Depression and World War II
delayed their demolition until the 1950s. In addition,
30th Street Station did not have enough tracks to handle
capacity until around that time, and Broad Street
Station was still a more convenient way into town. But
on April 27, 1952, the last train departed the station,
ceremoniously accompanied by Eugene Ormandy conducting
the Philadelphia Orchestra in a farewell concert.
Demolition started soon after that. While there is only
a historical marker across City Hall indicating the old
terminal's site, parts of the Chinese wall can still be
seen between J.F.K. Boulevard and the replacement
railroad viaduct. In fact, a portion of the Wall
supports the boulevard from around 22nd Street to the
Schuylkill River, as well as a narrow roadside park that
has been created there. Also, several large pieces of
artwork in Broad Street Station were transferred to 30th
Street Station, where they can still be admired by
harried travelers. One such piece is the large
Progress of Transportation (1895) plaster mural in
the station's north arcade.
Much of the remaining space where the
Chinese wall used to be was developed into the Penn
Center complex. The Philadelphia Improvements
had always supposed that a large collection of office
buildings would be built on the site of the old viaduct,
but formal plans for the Center did not appear until
1947. That was the year of the Better Philadelphia
Exhibition, a large display of maps and models showing
grand plans for Center City from the fledgling
Philadelphia Planning Commission and other reform-minded
agencies and organizations. Visionary city planner
Edmund Bacon included Penn Center as part of the
display, which was housed in Gimbels department store
and viewed by nearly 400,000 people.
Penn Center's construction generated
much excitement in the 1950s. Philadelphians saw the
complex as a "progressive" vision of urban renewal. Its
initial stages were designed by Bacon and Kling. Six
Penn Center (at 17th Street) was built by the
Pennsylvania Railroad itself and replaced Broad Street
Station as the company’s headquarters. Two and Three
Penn Center were constructed in the space once occupied
by the station's trainshed and tracks. Dilworth Plaza on
the west side of City Hall was also built during that
period and occupies the site of the station headhouse.
In addition, the traffic circle around Penn Square was
moved west to join with 15th Street. Five, Seven and
Four Penn Center came later, along with an ice skating
rink at 17th Street and J.F.K. Boulevard. The rink was
replaced with Eight Penn Center in the 1970s. Other
major office buildings have been erected along and
between Market Street and J.F.K. Boulevard since then.
Thus, the Philadelphia Improvements plan of the 1920s
was not fully realized until over four decades later.
Almost all Penn Center buildings and
nearby subway and commuter rail stations are linked
together by the vast underground pedestrian concourse
network running under J.F.K. Boulevard, Market
Street, and most area cross streets, walkways and
courtyards. Edmund Bacon's concept of a hidden,
weather-protected concourse connecting urban office,
transportation and retail facilities was innovative at
the time and influenced other cities, as well as
Philadelphia's subsequent Market East Redevelopment.
Furthermore, the Penn Center complex includes an
underground roadway that trucks use to service and
supply the buildings. This significantly reduces the
number of trucks traveling over and loading/unloading on
the streets above. The entrance to this no-outlet road
(called Commerce Street) is on 19th Street between
Market Street and J.F.K. Boulevard.
Unfortunately, the Pennsylvania
Railroad significantly compromised Bacon's plan—with
enlarged buildings and less open space—to be more
economically rewarding to the company. Thus, Penn Center
and the underground concourse network became less
pedestrian friendly and less attractive overall.
Legitimate concerns about crime and homelessness in the
area became evident as the years passed. And this type
of overwhelmingly bold city-sculpting has been somewhat
discredited since the Center's construction. In fact,
Penn Center has been cited as an example of poor city
planning, lamentable in the spare geometry of its boxy
buildings and its disregard for the traditional street's
vitality. However, there are plans to improve and
enhance Penn Center and its concourse system. This
should help make getting around the complex more
appealing to downtown workers.
The Municipal Services Building,
designed by Vincent Kling, is very much integrated into
the concourse system. It was constructed from 1962 to
1965 on Reyburn Plaza, north of City Hall. There had
been plans for a new city office building on that site
before the Depression, but they were not implemented
until after most of the privately-developed buildings of
Penn Center were completed. Plus, several large
buildings were built over the subway on the blocks
between 20th Street and Suburban Station. One of them is
Kennedy House, a 30-story co-operative apartment
completed in 1969.
The Pennsylvania Railroad merged with
the New York Central in 1968 to form the Penn
Central Railroad. Two years later, Penn
Central went bankrupt and its freight, passenger and
commuter services were spilt. Its freight lines
eventually became Conrail (with the addition of a
few more railroads), passenger service went to Amtrak,
and local commuter lines went to Conrail and then to
SEPTA in 1983. The rival Reading Railroad
also went bankrupt (in 1971) and SEPTA took over its
commuter rail network in 1976. With the longstanding
competition between the PRR and the Reading Company
eliminated by the financial collapse of both railroads,
SEPTA began operating its Regional Rail service
over the two systems without distinction. A few years
later, in 1984, Suburban Station changed from a stub-end
station to a through-station when the Commuter Rail
Tunnel joined the formerly opposed Pennsylvania
and Reading Railroad systems. This in effect was the
final chapter of the Philadelphia Passenger Terminal
Improvements Projects.
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